对于处于NOMOUNT状态的数据库，PMON还没有将服务注册到监听上，这个时候服务的状态是BLOCKED的，对于来自远程的任何连接 都会报ORA-12528错误。 如下：
[oracle@dbtest ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl [oracle@dbtest ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Nov 15 14:39:52 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS ------------------------ STARTED
SQL> ! [oracle@dbtest ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 15-NOV-2012 14:40:43
Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER_dbtest Version TNSLSNR for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date 02-NOV-2012 20:40:07 Uptime 12 days 18 hr. 0 min. 36 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP ON Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/db10gr2/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/db10gr2/network/log/listener_dbtest.log Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.0.76)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.0.77)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORCL", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "PL***tProc" has 1 instance(s). Instance "PL***tProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
C:\>sqlplus as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期四 11月 15 14:36:35 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR: ORA-12528: TNS: 监听程序: 所有适用例程都无法建立新连接
请输入用户名: ERROR: ORA-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误
请输入用户名: ERROR: ORA-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误
SP2-0157: 在 3 次尝试之后无法连接到 ORACLE, 退出 SQL*Plus
PMON只有在MOUNT状态下才能将服务注册到监听器上。
SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS ------------------------ MOUNTED
SQL> ! [oracle@dbtest ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 15-NOV-2012 14:47:05
Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER_dbtest Version TNSLSNR for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date 02-NOV-2012 20:40:07 Uptime 12 days 18 hr. 6 min. 58 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP ON Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/db10gr2/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/db10gr2/network/log/listener_dbtest.log Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.0.76)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.0.77)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "PL***tProc" has 1 instance(s). Instance "PL***tProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
C:\>sqlplus as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期四 11月 15 14:47:44 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS -------------------------------- ------------------------ orcl MOUNTED
对于连接到NOMOUNT的数据库10G之前只能使用静态注册，10G之后除了使用静态注册之外，还有个更简单的方法。 如下所示： SQL> startup force nomount ORA-32004: obsolete and/or deprecated parameter(s) specified ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1.0737E+10 bytes Fixed Size 2101912 bytes Variable Size 1.0586E+10 bytes Database Buffers 134217728 bytes Redo Buffers 14671872 bytes SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS -------------------------------- ------------------------ orcl STARTED
[oracle@dbtest ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 15-NOV-2012 14:55:24
Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER_dbtest Version TNSLSNR for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date 02-NOV-2012 20:40:07 Uptime 12 days 18 hr. 15 min. 18 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP ON Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/db10gr2/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/db10gr2/network/log/listener_dbtest.log Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.0.76)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.0.77)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORCL", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "PL***tProc" has 1 instance(s). Instance "PL***tProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
TNS配置如下：
orcl= (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.76)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (service_name = orcl) (SERVER = DEDICATED) (UR=A) ) )
C:\>sqlplus as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期四 11月 15 14:53:53 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS -------------------------------- ------------------------ orcl STARTED
TNS配置中加入 UR=A选项即可，即使服务状态是BLOCKED。
这对于连接到Auxilary instance的时候非常有用，否则你只能采用OS认证方式。